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elevation of the outer side of the same.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC P. TURNER, OF TROY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF THREE-FOURTHS TO JOHN H. COLBY, OF SAME PLACE.

PERMUTATION-PADLOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,078, dated May 24, 1881,

Application filed March 25, 1881. (Model) To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IsAAdP. TURNER, a citizen of. the United States, residing in the city of Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Permutation-Padlocks, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in permutation-padlocks having rotary tumblers; and the general objects of my improvements are to render the lock very compact, solid, strong, durable, inexpensive to manufacture, easy to lock, unlock, and change the combination directly by hand without the use of any separate key, tool, or implement, and safe against being picked or unlocked by any person not knowing the combination.

in the accompanying drawings, in which like letters everywhere indicate similar parts, Figure l is an elevation of one side, and Fig. 2 an elevation of another side, of one of my improved padlocks with the shackle-bolt fully inserted. Fig. 3 is an elevation of a partial section at the line z z in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is an elevation of a partial section at the line y y in Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 6 are elevations of partial sections similar to thosein Figs. 3 and 4, but showing the shackle-bolt partly withdrawn. Fig. 7 is a plan of that end of the case which holds the shackle end of the bolt, and Fig. 8 is a plan of the opposite end of the case. Fig. 9 is a side elevation, and Fig. 10 a plan, of a removable part by which one side of the case is closed. Fig. 11 is an elevation of the shacklebolt. Fig. 12 is an elevation of the inner side of one of the side tumblers, and Fig. 13 is an Figs. 14 and 15 are elevations of the contiguous sides of the two separable parts, which together constitute each side tumbler, and Figs. 19 and 20 are edge elevations of the same two parts. .Fig. 16 is a plan of the inner side of the end tumbler of the same look, and Figs. 17 and 18 are plans of the two separable parts which'together constitute that tumbler.

A is the case, and B the bolt, having at one end the shackle b, and adapted to fit and slide in corresponding sockets a a, Figs. 4, 6, and 7, in one'end of the case.

(1 C are two circular tumblers, fitting from inside the case in circular openings constitut ing open-end sockets c a through its two opposite sides. Each tumbler O has an outer projection or part, c, by which the tumbler can be turned in its socket directly by hand from outside the case.

A circular scale, D, Fig. 1, is on the case around each tumbler O, which has on it an index mark or point, d, whereby a person can readily set the tumblers to whatever known combination they shall be adjusted. As an equivalent means the circular scale can be on each tumbler, and the index, mark, or point on the case.

The bolt B, Fig. 11, has the two pairs of lateral lugs e e and f f, and the two pairs of recesses g g and h h; and each side tumbler, G, has the inwardly-projecting circular flange 5, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5, with the notch j therein, and the notches j j are of such size as to let the lugs e e and f f pass through when properly presented. When the bolt B is fully inserted it extends in the case diametrically across and between the two side tumblers, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4, and then does or may serve to keep those tumblers in their sockets, while the flanges i 'i of the tumblers extend into the recesses g g and h h of the bolt, and the lugs f f are within and the lugs e e are outside the circles of those flanges, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4. By then turningeach of the two side tumblers so that their notches j -shall not be immediately opposite to the lugs e of the bolt the latter will be locked in its fullyinserted position in the case by each side tumbler. To unlock the bolt B and permit it to be drawn from its positionshown in Figs. 3 and 4 to that represented in Figs. 5 and 6, the two tumblers O 0 must be set so that their notches j shall be immediately and directly opposite to the bolt-lugs e, and thereby let the latter pass through the notches.

As an additional means for securing the bolt B in its locked position (shown Figs. 3 and 4) an end tumbler, E, Figs. 3, 4, and 16, fits from the inside in a circular opening constituting an open-end socket, 70, Fig. 8, through the end of the case A, and incloses the end stem, 1), of the bolt, and projects so that it can be turned in its socket from outside the case directly by hand. The end stem, 1), has a lateral lug, 1, Figs. 3, 4, 11, and the tumbler E has an inturned part, m, which fits around the stem 1), and has an inside notch, 21, Fig. 16, of a size that willjust let the log I pass through when the tumbler shall be adjusted with the notch directly opposite to the In When the bolt B is fully inserted in the case, as in Figs. 3 and 4, the lug l on the stem 1) is below or outside of the flange part 112 of the end tumbler, as iiidicated in those figures. By then turning the tumbler E so that its notch a shall not be directly opposite to the lug lot the bolt the latter will be locked in its fully-inserted position by the end tumbler. To permit the bolt to be drawn from its position shown in Figs. 3 and 4to its position shown in Figs. 5 and G,the end tumbler, E, must be set with its notch a directly opposite to the bolt-lug I.

A circular scale, F, Fig. 8, is on the case A around the socket for the end tumbler, which tumbler has on it an index point or mark, 0, Fig. 1, so that a person knowing the combination can readily set that tumbler; or the circular scale can be on the end tumbler, and the index mark or point on the case.

To prevent finding the positions ofthe notches or passages j in the flanges z' of the tumblers G by feeling with the bolt, when the latter is inserted and locked with its lugs 0 outside of the flanges of those tumblers, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4, I form the outer surface of the flange i of each tumbler with decoy or false notches p and teeth 1), and form the end of each bolt-lug c with a notch, 11,01" tooth or teeth 1), Figs. 4 and 6, to engage with the false teeth or notches of the tumbler and as a further decoy and security against ieelin g the position of the true notches I make the number of the false notches p or teeth 12 in each tumbler considerably different from the number of graduations in the scale D for the tumbler, an example being shown by Figs. 1 and 2. For a similar purpose I sometimes form the under surface of the part at of the end tumbler, E, with false notches or teeth, adapted to engage with the lug l of the bolt, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 18.

When the bolt B is unlocked and its shackle I) is withdrawn from the case, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the lugs c c andffare all within the inner circles of the side tumblers, C (J, as indicated in those figures, and the bolt is still secured in the case, and will so remain until it shall be released by so adjusting those tumblers that their notches j shall be immediately opposite to the lugsf, whereupon the bolt can be freely withdrawn and wholly removed from the case.

To provide very simple and effective means for holding any one, two, or all of the tumblers O O E in place in the case, whether the boltB shall or shall not be therein, and to furnish convenient access to the inner sides of the tumblers in the case, or permit their easy re moval and reinsertion in changing their combinations, and to render the look more solid and strong to resist displacement of the tum blers and bolt by pressure and blows thereon from the outside when locked, I make the case A with one open side, which 1 tightly close by a removable part, G, Figs. 9 and 10, of which a portion, r, extends closely across the inner sides of the tumblers G C and E, and to and against the opposite side, a of the case, substantially as shown by Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The portion 1' of the piece G has through it a passage, .9, Figs. 9 and 10, through which the bolt B fits when in the lock, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and thereby secures the part G in the case. The bolt B can also have a lug, b Fig. 6, and the part G a recess, r, into which the lug will fit when the bolt is fully inserted, as in Fig. 4, and the upper part of the piece G can be as wide throughout as the interior of the case, the same as its-bottom part in Figs. 3, 5, and 10.

To provide proper means for easily changing the combinations of the side tumblers, (J, by altering the position of the inside notch,j, of each tumbler in respect to that of the indexpoint d or other point in the circumference of its outer side, I construct each tumbler O of two separable parts, t and 11, Figs. 14, 15, 19, 20, one having the flange i with notch j for engagement with the bolt, and the other having the radial flange a, Fig. 20, and journal a to fit in the socket through the side of the case, and also form the two parts, one with a central stem, t, Figs. 14 and 19, and the other with a corresponding central socket, 7;, Fig. 15, and one with the circular series of recesses or perforations 1), equal in number to the number of graduations in the scale D, and the other with a corresponding stud, it, so that the stem 23 will fit in the socket v, and the stud t in either of the recesses 41, asillustrated in Figs. 3 and 5. The stem t can be on the part a, the socket o in the part t, and the series of sockets v in the part 15, and the stud t on the part a.

To provide suitable means by which the position of the inside notch, a, in the tumbler E can be easily changed in respect to the location of the outside index-mark, 0, to change the combination of that tumbler, I form the tumbler E of two separable concentric parts, on and 20, Figs. 17 and 18, one fitting in a socket in the other, and having a central aperture with side notch, n, for the end stem, 1), and lug Z, and the other being in the form of ahollow journal adapted to extend through the end socket in the case, and to inclose the end stem of the bolt, and having the radial flange w, as in Figs. 3 and 4, and one part having a circular concentric series of recesses, 00, Fig. 18, equal in number to the number of the graduations in the scale F, and the other part having a lug, 0:, Fig. 17, adapted to fit in either of the recesses 02, as indicatedin Fig. 16.

Whenever the end tumbler shall be omitted the bolt need not have the lug l, and the case A can be formed with an outwardly-covered socket for the bolt-stem b, or the part E can be made in one piece with the case.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. The combination, with the case and two rotary side tumblers fittin gin openings through the case, of the bolt having an end shackle and fitting and extending in the case between, across, and beyond the two side tumblers, and adapted to be secured and released in the case by those tumblers, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the case, rotary side tumbler in an opening through the case, and the bolt extending in the case across and beyond the side tumbler and adapted to be secured and released thereby, of the rotary end tumbler fitting in an opening through the case, and inclosing the end part of the bolt, and adapted to fasten and release the latter in the case, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the case and a rotary side tumbler fittingin an opening through the case, and having the internal flange, t, with notch j, of the bolt extendingin thecase across and beyond the sidetumbler, and having the lateral lugs of and recesses 9 7t, all adapted to operate together, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the case, rotary side tumbler fitting in an opening through the case, and having the flanged with notch j, and the bolt extending in the case across and beyond said tumbler, and having the lugs ef, recesses g h, and end stem 1), with lug l, of the rotary end tumbler fitting in an opening through the case, and .inclosing the end stem 'of the bolt, and having the lug-passage n, all

substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the case and a rotary side tumbler tittin g in an openingthrough the case, and having theinternal flange, i, with lug-passage and the series of false notches or teeth p 1) around the outer surface of the flan ge, of the bolt extending in the case across and beyond said flange, and having the lug f, re-

cesses g h, and the lug 6, adapted to engage with said false notches or teeth, as set forth.

6. The combination, with the case A,.havone open side, and rotary tumbler G, fitting from the insidein an opening through the case, of the removable part G, closing the open side of the case and extending therein, and the bolt extending in the case through the part G and across said tumbler, and adapted to be secured in the case by that tumbler, substantially as described.

7 The combination, with the case A, having one open side, and the rotary end tumbler, E, fitting from the inside in an opening through the case, of the removable part G, closing the open side of the case and extending therein across said tumbler, and the bolt B, extending in the case throughthe part G, and having its end part covered and adapted to be secured and released in the case by said end tumbler, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the case A, having one open side, and a side tumbler, O, and end tumbler, E, fitting from the insidein openings through the case, of the removable part G, closing the open side of the case and extending therein, and the bolt extending in thecase through the part G and adapted to be secured, and released in the case by said tumblers, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with the case and the sliding bolt therein, of the rotary tumbler 0 across the bolt, and composed'of the two separable parts, t u, one having the flange i with notch j, and the other having the radial flange u and the journal a fitting in an opening through the case, the two parts being respectively formed with the central stem, t, and

socket o, and with the series of'recesses v and stud t all substantially as described.

10. The combination, with the case and the sliding bolt in the case, and having the end stem, 1), and lug l, of the rotary tumbler E,flt-

ting in an opening through the case and composed of the two separable parts m and 20, one fitting in a circular recess in the other and upon the end stem of the bolt, and having the lug-passage n and series of recesses 00, and the other part having the lug 0c and covering the end of the bolt, all substantially as described. In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 21st day of March, 1881.

- ISAAC P. TURNER. Witnesses JAMES H. SLADE, JAMES T. GOODFELLOW. 

